- Cytology grades what the smear sees; histology grades what the biopsy confirms.
- CIN 3 is pre-cancer, not cancer.
- The higher the grade, the shorter the safe waiting time.
Cytology terms (what the smear sees)
ASCUS: atypical cells of undetermined significance — mild, often reactive, usually just repeat testing. LSIL / mild dyskaryosis: low-grade changes strongly linked to HPV infection. HSIL / moderate or severe dyskaryosis: high-grade changes that warrant colposcopy urgently.
Biopsy terms (what colposcopy confirms)
CIN 1: mild dysplasia — around 60% regress within two years. CIN 2: moderate dysplasia — often treated, sometimes observed under 30. CIN 3 / carcinoma in situ: severe dysplasia — treatment (LEEP) is the standard.
The word 'cancer' does not apply until the abnormal cells break through the basement membrane. CIN 3 is pre-cancer, not cancer.
Frequently asked questions
Is CIN 3 the same as cancer?
No. CIN 3 is severe pre-cancer confined to the surface. Treated properly it does not become cancer.
Can LSIL turn into HSIL?
In a minority of women, yes — which is why surveillance matters.
What if my result says 'inadequate'?
The smear needs to be repeated in 3 months. It is not an abnormal result.
Could a doctor-led plan help you?
A 30-minute video consultation with Dr Berra Önsoy — reviewing your test results and giving you a clear, personalised next step.
Request a video consultation